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Physics 002 Midterm 1 12 March, 2002.
Time allowed: 70 minutes Total: 70 marks

Name:

Student ID:
A




Part A: True or false questions (16 marks, 2 marks each)

If you live on Mars,


True
False

1
Earth is never seen in the sky at midnight.



2
Jupiter can go through a full set of phases.



3
Venus appears to be largest at the full phase.






Explanation:
1: To an observer on Mars, Earth is an inner planet. Inner planets would never be seen in the midnight.
2: To an observer on Mars, Jupiter is an outer planet. Outer planets can only be observed in full or gibbous phases.
3: To an observer on Mars, Venus is an inner planet. Inner planets are largest at the crescent phase, and smallest at the full phase.



True
False

4
During a solar eclipse, the Moon must be full.



5
During a lunar eclipse, the observer must be in the path of totality.



6
During a solar eclipse, the diamond ring effect appears twice.



7
X-rays easily penetrate Earths atmosphere and reach the ground from space.



8 BP
It is possible to increase the resolving power of telescopes by widening the aperture and positioning on the mountain top.






Explanation:
4. During a solar eclipse, the Moon must be new.
5. During a lunar eclipse, any place on the Earth that can see the Moon will be able to observe the event. Only during solar eclipses should the observer be situated in the path of totality.
6. During a solar eclipse, the diamond ring effect appears immediately before the Moon completely shadows the Sun (2nd contact), and immediately afterwards (3rd contact).
7. X-rays are absorbed by Earths atmosphere.
8. Widening the aperture reduces diffraction. Positioning the telescope on the mountain top reduces atmospheric seeing and hence increases the resolving power of large telescopes.


Part B Short questions (18 marks, 2 marks each)


Phase of the Moon
Position of the Moon
Time of the day

1
First quarter
East horizon
Ans: Noon

2
Third quarter
Ans: Zenith/overhead
Sunrise

3
Ans: Full
45o above West horizon
3 am




Explanation:
3: As seen from above the North pole,















An observer lives at a latitude 30o North.


Answer

4
What is the angle of the Polaris above the Northern horizon?
30o

5
What is the angle of elevation of the Sun at the Winter Solstice?
(The angle of elevation of an object is the angle its direction makes with the horizon.)
36.5o

6
What is the highest angle of elevation of Cassiopeia, which has an angular separation of 26o with the Polaris?
56o




Explanation:
5. The angle between the celestial equator and the horizon = 90 C 30 = 60o. Since the Sun is South of the celestial equa