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(ELEC383)[2008](f)final~ee_jmx^_10327.pdf
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Introduction to Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation

(ELEC 383)

FINAL EXAMINATION

DATE: December 12, 2008 TIME: 12:30 pm -15:30 pm Venue: Room 2463
PLEDGE OF HONOR
On my honor as a student of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, I have neither received aid from others nor given aid to others while taking this exam. All of the answers represent my own work.
Signature: __________________ Date: ________________
Student Name:
Student Number:

TOTAL POINTS: 100 pts. + 20 bonus pts.
1. Short-answer questions:
a. (6 pts.) In an evoked-response experiment in which the EEG is studied after a
patient is given the stimulus of a flashing light, the experimenter finds that the
response has approximately the same amplitude as the random noise of the
signal. If a signal averager is used, how many samples must be averaged to
get an SNR of 10:1? If we wanted an SNR of 100:1, would it be practical to
use this technique? Why?
b. (8 pts) (i) Draw the vectors of Lead I,II,III for the measurement of ECG
signal. (ii) What is the minimal number of electrodes required for
simultaneous measurements of 12 lead signals? (ii) Which part of the heart is
the QRS segment of ECG signal originated? (iv) Why the amplitude of R
peak measured at Lead II is generally larger than Lead I, III?
c. (8 pts) (i)Describe the structure and mechanism of the integrated
semiconductor pressure sensor. (ii)What are the major advantages of the
sensor over other pressure sensors discussed in the class? (iii) Is it a linear or
non-linear? (iv)Think of a way to calibrate the sensor and make the pressure
measurement accurate.

d.
(6 pts.) (i) Explain the mechanism of non-invasive measurement of blood pressure based on Korotkoffs sounds. (ii) Explain the mechanism of oscillometric method for blood pressure measurement, and draw a schematic of the measurement system.

e.
(16 pts.) (i) Describe the mechanisms of optical fiber sensors for the measurements of pH value, pCO2 and pO2 in blood. (ii)Draw a schematic of an integrated optical fiber sensor system (including the key components such as excitation source, detection channel, fiber sensor, diachoic mirror, etc.) that provides the measurements of pH value, pCO2 and pO2 simultaneously. (iii) What are the major advantages of optical fiber sensors over traditional chemical sensors for the measurements of pH value, pCO2 and pO2? (iv) The figure below shows the spectra of a pH-value sensitive fluorescence dye as a function of pH-value. Design an optical fiber based pH-value sensor using the fluorescence dye. (v) How do you calibrate your pH-value sensor?



Fluorescence emission spectra of a typical pH-dye (LysoSensor Yellow/Blue DND-160). With the excitation at 360nm, the pH-sensitive band peaks at 550nm and the isosbestic point is at 490nm.
2. (22 pts.) Monitoring of circulatory systems.
.
Describe the exchange and transport of oxygen and ca